answer:Phasmatodea, also known as stick insects, play an important ecological role as herbivores and prey for other animals. They also serve as indicators of the health and diversity of their habitats.

answer:Mesoamerican civilizations made significant contributions in the fields of art, architecture, literature, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture and cuisine. Some of their cultural and artistic contributions include: - The invention of a writing system using hieroglyphs and codices to record history, religious beliefs and astronomical knowledge. - The creation of monumental stone structures such as pyramids and temples that showcase advanced engineering skills and exquisite artistic craftsmanship. - The development of a sophisticated calendrical system that included the 260-day ritual and 365-day solar calendars. - The cultivation of a wide variety of crops such as corn, beans, squash, chili peppers, cacao and vanilla, which today are an essential part of Mexican cuisine. - The invention of ballgames that combined physical skill, strategy and religious symbolism. - The creation of impressive works of art in various media including sculpture, ceramics, textiles and jewelry that depict gods, animals, humans and mythical creatures. - The production of philosophical, mythological and historical texts in various languages including Nahuatl and Mayan. - The practice of elaborate rituals and ceremonies that celebrated life, death, and the forces of nature.

answer:Disciplinary practices vary across cultures, but some common methods include verbal reprimands, physical punishment, withholding of privileges, and shaming or humiliation. Specifically, some cultures may use methods such as corporal punishment, time-outs, positive reinforcement, natural consequences, or a combination of these approaches.

answer:Enzyme catalysis is a process in which enzymes, specialized proteins, facilitate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes do this by binding to the substrate, the reactant that will be modified during the reaction, at the active site of the enzyme. The active site is a pocket or groove that specifically fits the shape and chemical properties of the substrate. This binding causes a change in the shape of the enzyme and an interaction with the substrate that facilitates the reaction. This can occur through a variety of mechanisms, such as positioning the substrate molecules in the correct orientation for a reaction to take place or providing an environment that encourages the reaction to proceed. Once the reaction is complete, the product is released from the active site, and the enzyme can bind to another substrate molecule to repeat the process.